The grid backdrop
Every megawatt figure about a data center is a number over a denominator, and the denominator is somebody's grid. This is that grid for this site: who delivers the retail power, which balancing authority keeps it in balance, who regulates the rate — each one cited, not asserted — and how much electricity those systems already move in a year. It describes the place, so it stands whether or not a campus is ever built here. The prose companion is Economics — demand & public benefits.
The electric-service chain
| Link | Identification | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Serving retail utility | City of Bowling Green - (OH) BOWLING GREEN IS A TWO-GRID SITE AND THIS KNOB CARRIES ONLY ONE OF THEM — the SITE's utility, which is the City of Bowling Green's municipal electric system (EIA-861 2024 Service_Territory, utility #2054, Municipal, BA=PJM, an American Municipal Power member; resolved #1434). It is deliberately NOT re-pointed at the campus's utility: the load shares, energy-burden and consumer-energy feeds all key on this number for the city's own 14,850 retail customers, and moving it to flatter one facility's denominator would falsify the backdrop for all of them (#1440). THE META CAMPUS IS ON A DIFFERENT GRID. Middleton Twp sits in The Toledo Edison Company's territory (FirstEnergy / PJM ATSI) — and that is now tariff-grounded rather than press-sourced: Toledo Edison's own filed P.U.C.O. No. 8, Original Sheet 3, DEFINITION OF TERRITORY, effective 2026-03-01, names Wood County among the ten counties of 'Company's Territory' (data/documents/grid/bowling-green/TE-2026-Electric-Service.pdf). A county is not a parcel, so the parcel-level certified-territory read stays [open]. The campus is designed self-powered BEHIND THE METER by the Apollo plant (OPSB 25-0973-EL-BLN), whose Condition 15 BARS any interconnection with the PJM Transmission System — so its modelled grid draw is ~0 and what Toledo Edison actually sells it is [open]. READ THE PER-UTILITY LOAD SHARE BELOW AS A MAGNITUDE COMPARISON ONLY (the campus dwarfs the muni's retail at ~3.6x on energy — the point being that the muni could never serve it), NOT as the campus's serving-utility ratio; a per-facility serving-utility denominator is a grid-model follow-up. The city's OTHER data centre — the Oppidan colocation building in the Woodbridge Business Park, ~6 MW average / ~8 MW peak — IS on the muni ([inference], high confidence: five city-owned overhead electric features cross the parcel in the City's own GIS, the parcel is city-zoned IE under annexation ordinances 8597/8824, and the BG utilities director called it 'a steady electric customer for the city'; the BPU minutes remain the instrument). Full per-load determination, the in-force Toledo Edison sheets (Rate GT, ESR §II.G) and the pending FirstEnergy Schedule DCT (PUCO 26-0697-EL-ATA) are at data/extracted/grid/bowling-green/ (#1440). | [reference] |
| Holding company | City of Bowling Green - (OH) City of Bowling Green - (OH) parent/holding company — identified from the EIA-861 record | [reference] |
| Balancing authority | PJM Interconnection PJM Interconnection balancing authority / RTO (SiteProfile.ba_code='PJM') | [reference] |
| Wholesale market (RTO/ISO) | PJM Interconnection (RTO/ISO) PJM Interconnection balancing authority / RTO (SiteProfile.ba_code='PJM') | [reference] |
| Retail rate regulator | municipal (home rule, OH) OH municipal electric systems set their own retail rates under home rule (not state-PUC rate-regulated) | [reference] |
What those systems already carry
The load denominators, connector-sourced from the EIA. These are the figures a campus share is expressed against — and the only copy of them: the load report divides by this same feed rather than its own constants.
| System | Annual load | Campus share |
|---|---|---|
| City of Bowling Green - (OH) EIA-861 2024 Sales to Ultimate Customers, City of Bowling Green - (OH) (#2054), OH; bundled + delivery total sales | 518 GWh/yr | 362.86% |
| PJM Interconnection EIA-930 daily demand sum, PJM 2024 (366 days, Eastern tz) | 815,056 GWh/yr | 0.23% |
| State retail sales EIA ELEC.SALES.OH-ALL.A (2025); shared with #91 | 161,934 GWh/yr | 1.16% |
City of Bowling Green - (OH) is Municipal (EIA-861). It serves ~14,850 retail customers.
Its bundled standard-service customers pay an average of 12.02¢/kWh. That is a cohort price — the customers who never shopped for a competitive supplier, which skews residential — not the utility's all-sector average, and not the rate a large industrial or data-center load pays. EIA-861 2024 Sales to Ultimate Customers, City of Bowling Green - (OH) (#2054), OH; COHORT PRICE — bundled (standard-service-offer) revenue/sales only. Delivery-only rows are excluded because they carry just the wires charge (generation is paid to a competitive supplier), but the remaining bundled cohort is the customers who never shopped, which in a restructured state skews residential. NOT the utility's all-sector average and NOT an industrial/data-center rate — for that, compare the all-sector price EIA ELEC.PRICE.OH-ALL.A
The disclosed campus draws ~239 MW,
which at a 0.9 load factor is
~1,880 GWh/yr — the numerator of every
share in the table above. That draw is itself an [inference].
Grid foundation layer (#94). The state, City of Bowling Green - (OH), and PJM denominators are now all connector-sourced — Ohio retail from EIA (shared with #91), per-utility retail from the EIA-861 file, and PJM annual demand from EIA-930. The campus is a single load equal to a material fraction of its serving utility's entire retail sales. Denominator vintages differ (utility EIA-861 2024 / BA EIA-930 2024 / state EIA 2025 (1-year spread)): the EIA state seriesid route publishes ahead of the EIA-861 bulk file and the EIA-930 annual sum, so the three shares are not struck against one common year.
The campus against consumer prices
The demand → consumer-price sensitivity needs an instrument-grounded campus load — an air permit or a filed disclosure. This site has none yet (a screening estimate is a bracket, not a load), so the sensitivity is withheld rather than computed off an inference. Have the disclosure? Submit it →